SPRF
Introduction The National Education Policy 2020 was introduced about six years ago, replacing the 1986 policy, and is now past the nascent stage of preparation. NEP 2020 emphasized a big shift in early childhood education, introduced a new school structure, and intended to make learning multidisciplinary and flexible. As the policy moves out of its […]
The year 2030 was once envisioned with hope and anticipation. The global consensus on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) carried the expectation of significant improvements in human development, reflected in greater equity, reduced poverty, and improved quality of life, fostering optimism that the world would become a more just and equitable place. As we approach […]
Introduction The Indian state’s role and responsibility in ensuring rural workers’ livelihoods have been revived with the introduction of the VB G RAM G Bill, which was prompted by the issue of the MNREGA program facing rollout gaps, wage non-paying delays, pressure typified by actual allocation levels, as well as requests for increased administrative oversight over […]
Introduction The Yamuna’s pollution is largely contributed to by untreated sewage. It has been largely reported that the Najafgarh and the Shahdara drain contribute significantly to the pollution of the river along its Delhi stretch. The Najafgarh drain, which runs across the southwest part of the city, ultimately meets the river at Wazirabad. The Najafgarh […]
Introduction For many decades, in the quiet grasslands of western India, the Great Indian Bustard (GIB) has been disappearing. The GIB is a large bird of the bustard family, also known as one of the heaviest flying birds in the world. The GIBs are tall omnivorous birds with long legs and distinctively long necks that […]
The Conference of the Parties under the United Nations Climate Change Conference met for the annual meeting in Belem between November 10 to November 22, 2025. In a time of climate uncertainty and a rapid call for urgency to recognize the urgency of climate change, the COP30 brings an opportunity for global collaboration and a […]
India, today, finds herself in a sundry of diplomatic paradoxes, marked by multi-alignment and diverging stands on issues such as Israel-Palestine. The inconsistencies in our foreign policy have been cleverly brushed off under the term ‘strategic autonomy’—perpetually undefined and unboxed. Of course, as the world’s most promising emerging market with a labour surplus and the […]
During India’s first World Audio Visual and Entertainment Summit (WAVES) 2025 in Mumbai, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the dawn of the ‘Orange Economy.’ He highlighted how creators—from Guwahati musicians and Kochi podcasters to Bengaluru game designers and Punjabi filmmakers—are powering India’s march towards a $5 trillion economy. The orange economy, also known as the […]
‘Power in world politics’ is a phrase that directs our imagination towards the big powers of the world: huge armies, vast populations, and rich economies. The numerous small island nations rarely enter the picture. But when you look closely, these islands are not just remote holiday spots. These small dotted lands on the map of […]
Fueling growth in an economy primarily requires investments, whether for technology, infrastructure, or government interventions. The global financial system has evolved significantly: from the use of cash and traditional banking tools such as cheques and demand drafts, to more advanced systems like digital payments (e.g., UPI), and more recently, toward decentralized technologies like cryptocurrencies. While […]
India has witnessed a major policy and social shift in its approach to menstrual health since the 2011 launch of the Menstrual Hygiene Scheme (MHS) by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. This initiative marked a landmark attempt to destigmatise menstruation at a national level, by targeting adolescent girls aged 10–19 with subsidised sanitary […]
Introduction The history of artificial intelligence is longer than the history of most modern democracies. Yet it was introduced to the public much later in the twentieth century. In 1950, the term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was discussed by an English mathematician and computer science pioneer, Alan Turing, in his paper on computer machinery and intelligence […]
What is the purpose of a policy that does not resonate with the realities of the people it is made for? The two faces of Delhi are evident to anyone who has found themselves stuck in the city’s traffic. On one hand, there are glossy shopping malls and wide roads that promise a ‘world-class’ city. […]
Introduction The Monsoon Session of Parliament in 2025 revisited pivotal concerns at the intersection of data governance, electoral representation, as well as citizen rights, although indirectly. This year’s ‘Special Intensive Revision (SIR)’ of electoral rolls in Bihar represents a little more than an administrative exercise—it has become quite a litmus test for how the world’s […]